Which process improves memory retention by organizing information into manageable units?

Chunking is a cognitive strategy that enhances memory retention by breaking down large amounts of information into smaller, more manageable units or "chunks." This technique allows individuals to process and remember information more efficiently, as our short-term memory has limitations regarding how much information can be retained at one time. For example, instead of trying to remember a long string of numbers such as 149217761982, chunking transforms it into 1492, 1776, and 1982—three distinct pieces that are easier to recall.

By organizing information this way, it becomes more meaningful and easier to transfer into long-term memory. This is particularly useful when dealing with complex data or large volumes of information, making learning and recall more effective. Other methods mentioned, like elaborative rehearsal and maintenance rehearsal, focus on different aspects of memorization and do not specifically involve the restructuring of information into smaller units for improved retention.