When someone recalls information without any conscious effort, this type of memory is known as?

The type of memory described, where someone recalls information without any conscious effort, is best characterized as implicit memory. Implicit memory refers to the unconscious retrieval of information, which can include skills, habits, or conditioned responses. This type of memory operates automatically and does not require intentional thought to access, allowing individuals to perform tasks or recall information without actively trying.

This contrasts with explicit memory, which involves the conscious recollection of facts and events and requires effortful processing. Photographic memory, often romanticized in popular culture, refers to the ability to remember visual information with great detail after brief exposure, which is a different phenomenon. Effortful processing, on the other hand, involves actively working to encode or retrieve information, highlighting the direct opposite of what is described in the question. Thus, the correct answer is clearly implicit memory, aligning with the definition provided.