When new information interferes with the ability to retrieve old information, this phenomenon is known as?

The phenomenon where new information interferes with the ability to retrieve old information is known as retroactive interference. This occurs because the introduction of new learning can blur or overwrite the existing memories, making it difficult for a person to recall previously learned material. For example, if a person learns a new phone number, they may struggle to remember an old phone number they had memorized earlier.

In this context, retroactive interference highlights the challenges in memory retrieval that can arise when incoming information disrupts stored memories. This concept is particularly significant in understanding how memories can be unstable and affected by subsequent learning experiences.

The other terms, while related to memory, describe different processes: proactive interference pertains to when old information inhibits the ability to learn or retrieve new information, decay theory suggests that memories fade over time, and amnesia refers to a loss of memory due to various causes.