What term describes new information that alters how previous information is retained in memory?

The correct term for new information that alters how previous information is retained in memory is misinformation memories. Misinformation occurs when the information retrieved from memory is influenced by incorrect or misleading information that was encountered after the event. This phenomenon is often studied in the context of eyewitness testimony, where suggestive questioning or exposure to false information can change a person's recollection of an event.

Misinformation memories highlight how memory is not a perfect recording of past events but rather can be reconstructed and altered with new inputs. This principle underscores the malleability of human memory and how external cues can shape and sometimes distort our recollection of earlier experiences.

In contrast, other terms like repressed memories refer to memories that are unconsciously blocked due to the trauma or distress associated with them, while flashbulb memories are vivid and detailed memories of emotionally significant events. Contextual memories relate to the specific circumstances or environmental factors associated with the formation of a memory but do not directly pertain to the alteration of previous memories by new information.