What does the term "working memory" encompass?

The term "working memory" specifically refers to the system responsible for temporarily holding and manipulating information that is actively being used in cognitive tasks. This includes processes such as reasoning, learning, and comprehension. Working memory enables individuals to keep information in mind while using it for a variety of activities, such as solving problems or following instructions. It is distinct from long-term memory, which is concerned with the storage of information over extended periods, and involves a more dynamic form of processing that allows for immediate cognitive operations.

In contrast to this, the other options either misinterpret the function of working memory or do not align with its defined role in cognitive psychology. For instance, long-term storage refers to the retention of information beyond the immediate needs of cognitive tasks, while emotional processing focuses solely on feelings rather than cognitive manipulation of information. Lastly, a collection of memories that have been consolidated pertains to long-term memory rather than the active processing characteristic of working memory. Thus, the correct understanding of working memory highlights its critical role in everyday cognitive functions.