What does proactive interference refer to in memory?

Proactive interference refers to the phenomenon where previously learned information hinders the ability to learn or recall new information. When old information interferes with new learning, it can create confusion and make it difficult for an individual to assimilate or retrieve the new information effectively. This concept highlights how memories are not simply stored in isolation; instead, they can impact each other, especially when the old memories bear some resemblance to the new material being learned.

In this context, the understanding of how memory retrieval works is crucial. When we attempt to learn something new that is similar to what we already know, the prior knowledge may assert itself, leading to competing memories. This underscores the complexity of memory systems and illustrates how different types of interference, such as proactive interference, play a significant role in shaping our learning experiences and memory outcomes.