What distinguishes an algorithm from a heuristic in problem-solving?

The distinction between an algorithm and a heuristic in problem-solving primarily revolves around the guarantee of a solution. An algorithm is a systematic, step-by-step procedure that, when followed correctly, will always lead to the correct answer or solution to a problem. This attribute makes algorithms highly structured and reliable for solving complex problems where a definitive solution is necessary.

In contrast, heuristics are general problem-solving strategies or rules of thumb that might lead to quick solutions but do not guarantee accuracy. They often rely on intuition or experience to make educated guesses and can be effective for many problems, especially those that require rapid decision-making. However, because heuristics can lead to oversimplified approaches or biases, they may not always produce the correct solution.

This fundamental difference in reliability underlies why the correct answer emphasizes that an algorithm guarantees a solution while a heuristic does not.