What describes a lasting strengthening of synapses that increases neurotransmission?

The concept of long-term potentiation (LTP) refers to a long-lasting enhancement in communication between two neurons that results from their repeated and synchronous stimulation. This process is crucial for learning and memory, as it facilitates the strengthening of synaptic connections, making it easier for neurotransmitters to be released and for receptors to respond. When synapses become stronger through LTP, the efficiency of synaptic transmission is improved, which enhances the ability to recall information.

LTP plays a significant role in various types of learning and memory processes, supporting the idea that experiences can lead to enduring changes in the brain’s neural circuitry. This synaptic strengthening is not just temporary; it can persist for long periods, which is essential for long-term memory storage. Understanding the mechanisms behind LTP helps explain how learning translates into memory and the biological basis of cognitive functions.