What is the process called during which information is transformed for storage?

The correct answer is encoding, which refers to the process of transforming information into a form that can be stored in the brain. During encoding, sensory input is converted into a construct that the brain can understand and use for memory formation. This transformation can involve various techniques, such as elaboration, organization, or visualization, which enhance the information's strength and accessibility later.

Encoding is a crucial first step in the memory process because it determines how well information will be retained and later recalled during retrieval. Without effective encoding, even the most significant information may not be stored sufficiently for future use.